Nicholas Caputo

Assistant Professor of Frontier AI Governance

Johns Hopkins School of Government and Policy

Nicholas A. Caputo

About Me

I study how law can govern artificial intelligence, and how AI can in turn renew and improve our legal and administrative institutions.

My work begins from the problem of how to keep powerful, expert, and inscrutable decision-makers under legitimate democratic authority in their exercise of discretion. This is a problem that the law has long wrestled with and that frontier AI poses acutely. I draw on jurisprudence, constitutional and administrative law, and technical methods in AI alignment, evaluation, and control, using each of these fields as design materials for the others.

My recent research runs along three connected lines. First, my legal alignment work argues that AI alignment and law share a common structure, such that legal theory and methods can inform how AI systems are trained to reason and act. Second, I study the technological history of public and private law, drawing lessons to help adapt our existing institutions to emerging technologies. And third, I examine novel private governance instruments and institutions such as AI constitutions and catastrophic risk frameworks, exploring questions of legitimacy and accountability.

I have presented my work in technical venues, including workshops at NeurIPS and CHAI, and have advised policymakers around the world on AI governance. I have experience with strategic litigation and policy advocacy in the United States and in the European Union.

I am also Law & AI Lead at the Oxford Martin AI Governance Initiative (AIGI). I have a J.D. from Harvard Law School and a B.A. from Carleton College. Before law school, I taught debate in China for two years, largely during the COVID-19 pandemic. I speak French and Mandarin Chinese.

Research Interests

  • AI Governance and Regulatory Frameworks
  • Legal Alignment for Frontier AI Systems
  • AI Policy and Democratic Oversight
  • Technology Law and Ethics

View My Publications

Explore my research publications and contributions to the field